A. 鍒稿晢鑲＄エ鎺掑悕鍓嶅嶮(鍒稿晢鑲＄エ鎺掑悕鍓嶅嶮鏈夊摢浜)
鍒稿晢鑲＄エ鎺掑悕鍓嶅嶮鏄鎸囧湪鑲＄エ甯傚満涓婏紝鎸夌収甯傚兼帓鍚嶏紝澶勪簬鍓嶅嶮浣嶇殑鍒稿晢鍏鍙歌偂紲ㄣ傝繖浜涘埜鍟嗗叕鍙稿湪璇佸埜涓氬姟涓婂叿鏈夎緝寮虹殑絝炰簤鍔涘拰褰卞搷鍔涳紝鍦ㄥ競鍦轟笂鍗犳嵁閲嶈佸湴浣嶃傛湰鏂囧皢瀵瑰埜鍟嗚偂紲ㄦ帓鍚嶅墠鍗佽繘琛屼粙緇嶏紝騫跺垎涓轟簲涓灝忔爣棰樿繘琛岃︾粏闃愯堪銆
1.涓鍥介摱娌寵瘉鍒涓鍥介摱娌寵瘉鍒告槸涓瀹跺叿鏈夊叏鐗岀収鐨勭患鍚堟ц瘉鍒稿叕鍙革紝鎬婚儴浣嶄簬鍖椾含銆傚叕鍙告垚絝嬩簬1999騫達紝緇忚繃澶氬勾鐨勫彂灞曪紝宸茬粡鎴愪負涓鍥借瘉鍒稿競鍦虹殑閲嶈佸弬涓庤呬箣涓銆備腑鍥介摱娌寵瘉鍒哥殑鑲＄エ鍦ㄥ競鍦轟笂鍏鋒湁杈冮珮鐨勪漢姘斿拰鎶曡祫浠峰箋
2.嫻烽氳瘉鍒嫻烽氳瘉鍒告槸涓鍥介嗗厛鐨勭患鍚堟ц瘉鍒稿叕鍙鎬箣涓錛屾婚儴浣嶄簬涓婃搗銆傚叕鍙告垚絝嬩簬1988騫達紝鎷ユ湁搴炲ぇ鐨勫㈡埛緹や綋鍜屽箍娉涚殑涓氬姟緗戠粶銆傛搗閫氳瘉鍒鎬竴鐩翠互鏉ラ兘鍦ㄨ瘉鍒稿競鍦轟笂鍗犳嵁閲嶈佸湴浣嶏紝鍏惰偂紲ㄧ殑琛ㄧ幇涓鐩村囧彈鍏蟲敞銆
3.涓鍥藉浗闄呴噾鋙嶈偂浠芥湁闄愬叕鍙涓鍥藉浗闄呴噾鋙嶈偂浠芥湁闄愬叕鍙革紙綆縐頒腑閲戝叕鍙革級鏄涓鍥芥渶鏃╂垚絝嬬殑涓瀹惰偂浠藉埗鎶曡祫閾惰岋紝鎬婚儴浣嶄簬鍖椾含銆備腑閲戝叕鍙稿湪鑲＄エ甯傚満涓婄殑琛ㄧ幇涓鐩村彈鍒板叧娉錛屽叾鑲＄エ涔熸槸鎶曡祫鑰呯粡甯稿叧娉ㄧ殑瀵硅薄銆
4.璇佸埜璇佸埜鏄涓鍥藉叿鏈夎緝楂樼煡鍚嶅害鐨勮瘉鍒稿叕鍙鎬箣涓錛屾婚儴浣嶄簬娣卞湷銆傝瘉鍒鎬互鍏朵笓涓氱殑鏈嶅姟鍜屽崜瓚婄殑涓氱嘩璧㈠緱浜嗗箍澶ф姇璧勮呯殑璁ゅ彲銆傝瘉鍒哥殑鑲＄エ鍦ㄥ競鍦轟笂鐨勮〃鐜頒竴鐩村囧彈鐬╃洰銆
5.鍏夊ぇ璇佸埜鍏夊ぇ璇佸埜鏄涓鍥介嗗厛鐨勭患鍚堥噾鋙嶆湇鍔℃彁渚涘晢涔嬩竴錛屾婚儴浣嶄簬鍖椾含銆傚叕鍙告垚絝嬩簬1988騫達紝閫氳繃澶氬勾鐨勫彂灞曪紝宸茬粡鎴愪負涓鍥借瘉鍒稿競鍦虹殑閲嶈佸弬涓庤呬箣涓銆傚厜澶ц瘉鍒哥殑鑲＄エ涓鐩村囧彈鍏蟲敞錛屽苟鍦ㄥ競鍦轟笂琛ㄧ幇鍑鴻壊銆
6.涓鍥藉鉤瀹夎瘉鍒涓鍥藉鉤瀹夎瘉鍒告槸涓鍥界煡鍚嶇殑緇煎悎閲戣瀺鏈嶅姟鎻愪緵鍟嗕箣涓錛屾婚儴浣嶄簬娣卞湷銆傚叕鍙告垚絝嬩簬2004騫達紝鏃椾笅鎷ユ湁澶氬跺瓙鍏鍙革紝涓氬姟娑電洊璇佸埜銆佹湡璐с佸熀閲戠瓑澶氫釜棰嗗煙銆備腑鍥藉鉤瀹夎瘉鍒哥殑鑲＄エ涓鐩村囧彈鎶曡祫鑰呭叧娉ㄣ
7.涓淇¤瘉鍒涓淇¤瘉鍒告槸涓鍥介嗗厛鐨勭患鍚堥噾鋙嶆湇鍔℃彁渚涘晢涔嬩竴錛屾婚儴浣嶄簬鍖椾含銆傚叕鍙告垚絝嬩簬1995騫達紝鍏惰偂紲ㄤ竴鐩村囧彈甯傚満鍏蟲敞銆備腑淇¤瘉鍒稿嚟鍊熷叾闆勫帤鐨勮祫閲戝疄鍔涘拰涓撲笟鐨勬湇鍔★紝鍦ㄨ偂紲ㄥ競鍦轟笂鍏鋒湁杈冮珮鐨勭珵浜夊姏銆
8.鍗庢嘲璇佸埜鍗庢嘲璇佸埜鏄涓鍥介嗗厛鐨勭患鍚堥噾鋙嶆湇鍔℃彁渚涘晢涔嬩竴錛屾婚儴浣嶄簬涓婃搗銆傚叕鍙告垚絝嬩簬1991騫達紝鍑鍊熷叾涓板瘜鐨勫競鍦虹粡楠屽拰涓撲笟鐨勫洟闃燂紝涓鐩村湪璇佸埜甯傚満涓婂崰鎹閲嶈佸湴浣嶃傚崕娉拌瘉鍒哥殑鑲＄エ涓鐩村囧彈鍏蟲敞銆
9.騫垮彂璇佸埜騫垮彂璇佸埜鏄涓鍥介嗗厛鐨勭患鍚堥噾鋙嶆湇鍔℃彁渚涘晢涔嬩竴錛屾婚儴浣嶄簬騫垮窞銆傚叕鍙告垚絝嬩簬1992騫達紝閫氳繃澶氬勾鐨勫彂灞曪紝宸茬粡鎴愪負涓鍥借瘉鍒稿競鍦虹殑閲嶈佸弬涓庤呬箣涓銆傚箍鍙戣瘉鍒哥殑鑲＄エ鍦ㄥ競鍦轟笂鐨勮〃鐜板囧彈鍏蟲敞銆
10.鍏翠笟璇佸埜鍏翠笟璇佸埜鏄涓鍥介嗗厛鐨勭患鍚堥噾鋙嶆湇鍔℃彁渚涘晢涔嬩竴錛屾婚儴浣嶄簬鍖椾含銆傚叕鍙告垚絝嬩簬1988騫達紝澶氬勾鏉ヤ竴鐩村湪璇佸埜甯傚満涓婂彇寰椾簡鑹濂界殑涓氱嘩銆傚叴涓氳瘉鍒哥殑鑲＄エ涓鐩村囧彈鎶曡祫鑰呭叧娉ㄣ
鍒稿晢鑲＄エ鎺掑悕鍓嶅嶮鐨勫叕鍙稿湪涓鍥借瘉鍒稿競鍦轟笂鍏鋒湁閲嶈佸湴浣嶅拰騫挎硾褰卞搷鍔涖傝繖浜涘叕鍙稿嚟鍊熷叾涓板瘜鐨勫競鍦虹粡楠屻佷笓涓氱殑鍥㈤槦鍜岃壇濂界殑涓氱嘩錛屼竴鐩村囧彈鎶曡祫鑰呯殑鍏蟲敞鍜岃ゅ彲銆傛姇璧勮呭湪閫夋嫨鎶曡祫瀵硅薄鏃訛紝鍙浠ュ弬鑰冭繖浜涘埜鍟嗚偂紲ㄧ殑鎺掑悕鍜岃〃鐜幫紝浠ュ仛鍑烘洿鍔犳槑鏅虹殑鎶曡祫鍐崇瓥銆
B. 涓鍥藉墠鍗佸ぇ鍩洪噾鍏鍙
涓鍥藉墠鍗佸ぇ鍩洪噾鍏鍙
甯傞潰涓婄殑璐у竵鍩洪噾銆佸哄埜鍩洪噾鎴栬偂紲ㄥ熀閲戱紝閮芥槸鍩洪噾鍏鍙哥殑浜у搧銆傚熀閲戝叕鍙哥殑瀹炲姏錛屽獎鍝嶅熀閲戜駭鍝佺殑棰勬湡鏀剁泭銆傞偅涔堜腑鍥藉疄鍔涜緝寮虹殑鍩洪噾鍏鍙告湁鍝浜涳紵涓銆佸ぉ寮樺熀閲戝叕鍙稿ぉ寮樺熀閲戝叕鍙告湰鏉ユ槸鍋氫笉浜嗗ご鎶婁氦妞呯殑錛屼互鍓嶇殑瀹炲姏涔熸瘮杈冧竴鑸銆備笉榪囪嚜浠庝綑棰濆疂鍑烘潵涔嬪悗錛屽ぉ寮樺熀閲戝叕鍙稿氨宕涜搗浜嗐備綑棰濆疂鐨勫熀閲戣勬ā鏈変竴涓囧氫嚎錛屼竴鍙鍩洪噾鐨勮勬ā灝辮秴榪囧埆瀹跺熀閲戝叕鍙告墍鏈夊熀閲戠殑鎬誨拰錛屾墍浠ヤ粠鍩洪噾瑙勬ā鏉ョ湅錛屽ぉ寮樺熀閲戞槸鎺掔涓鐨勩備簩銆佹槗鏂硅揪鍩洪噾鍏鍙告槗鏂硅揪鏄鑰佺墝鍩洪噾鍏鍙革紝瀹炲姏涓鐩存瘮杈冨己銆傚畠鐨勬誨熀閲戣勬ā鎺掑悕絎浜岋紝瀹炲姏涔熶笉鍙灝忚嗐傚氨鎷胯揣甯佸熀閲戞潵璇達紝鏄撴柟杈炬槗鐞嗚儲涔熸湁鍗冧嚎瑙勬ā錛屽睘浜庡法鍨嬭揣甯佸熀閲戙傚湪鑲＄エ鍜屽哄埜鎶曡祫棰嗗煙錛屾槗鏂硅揪鐨勪笟緇╀篃涓嶉敊銆傚緢澶氫漢緇忓父鍦ㄥ井淇°佹敮浠樺疂涔板熀閲戱紝緇忓父鑳界湅鍒版槗鏂硅揪鐨勪駭鍝侊紝榪欎竴鐐逛篃鍙浠ョ湅鍑哄熀閲戝叕鍙哥殑瀹炲姏銆備笁銆佸緩淇″熀閲戝叕鍙稿緩淇″熀閲戝叕鍙哥殑鍩洪噾瑙勬ā鍦6600澶氫嚎鍏冨乏鍙籌紝浣嶅垪鍏鍕熷熀閲戣屼笟絎涓夈傚緩淇″熀閲戠殑鏈澶ц偂涓滄槸寤鴻鵑摱琛岋紝鍗犺偂65%銆傚緩璁鵑摱琛屾槸鍥芥湁鍥涘ぇ閾惰屼箣涓錛岃儗鏅瀹炲姏鏄捐屾槗瑙併傚洓銆佸伐閾剁憺淇″熀閲戝叕鍙稿伐閾剁憺淇″熀閲戝叕鍙哥殑鍩洪噾瑙勬ā鎺掑悕絎鍥涖備粠鑲′笢鏉ョ湅錛屽伐閾剁憺淇′篃鏄閾惰岃儗鏅錛屽伐鍟嗛摱琛屾寔鏈80%錛屼粠鑳屾櫙瀹炲姏鏉ヨ達紝宸ラ摱鐟炰俊鍩洪噾鍏鍙告槸鎵鏈夊熀閲戝叕鍙鎬腑鏈寮虹殑銆備簲銆佸崥鏃跺熀閲戝叕鍙稿崥鏃跺熀閲戝叕鍙哥殑璧勪駭瑙勬ā鎺掑悕絎浜旓紝瀹冧篃鏄鑰佺墝鐨勫熀閲戝叕鍙革紝1998騫村氨鎴愮珛浜嗐傚崥鏃剁殑鍩洪噾澶у跺緢甯歌侊紝鏀浠樺疂灝辨湁涓鍗氭椂榛勯噾ETF錛岃揣甯佸熀閲戞湁鍗氭椂鍚堟儬璐у竵錛岄勬湡鏀剁泭鐜囪繕姣旇緝楂樸傚湪鑲＄エ銆佸哄埜棰嗗煙錛屽崥鏃剁殑涓氱嘩涔熷緢濂斤紝緇忓父鍐掑嚭涓浜涗笟緇╁啝鍐涖傚叚銆佸崡鏂瑰熀閲戝叕鍙稿崡鏂瑰熀閲戝叕鍙告槸鐭ュ悕搴﹀緢楂樼殑鍩洪噾鍏鍙革紝瀹冨拰鍗氭椂銆佹槗鏂硅揪涓鏍鳳紝灞炰簬璧勫巻鑰併佸疄鍔涘己鐨勪竴綾伙紝緇忓父鑳芥帓鍦ㄨ屼笟鍓10鍚嶃備竷銆佹眹娣誨瘜鍩洪噾鍏鍙告眹娣誨瘜鐨勫熀閲戝湪鐞嗚儲閫氬緢甯歌侊紝瀹冪殑璐у竵鍩洪噾棰勬湡鏀剁泭涔熷緢楂橈紝緇忓父鍦ㄥ井淇′拱鍩洪噾鐨勯兘鐭ラ亾銆傛ゅ栵紝奼囨坊瀵岀殑鑲＄エ鍩洪噾錛屼笟緇╀篃寰堝ソ錛岀粡甯歌兘鍑轟竴浜涙垚緇╀紭縐鐨勮偂紲ㄥ瀷鍩洪噾鎴栨販鍚堝瀷鍩洪噾銆傚叓銆佸箍鍙戝熀閲戝叕鍙稿箍鍙戝熀閲戞槸騫垮彂璇佸埜鎺ц偂鐨勫熀閲戝叕鍙革紝鍦ㄤ笟鍐呭悕姘斾篃寰堥珮銆傚箍鍙戝熀閲戞槸鍏ㄥ浗紺句繚鍩洪噾銆佸熀鏈鍏昏佷繚闄╁熀閲戠殑鎶曡祫綆＄悊浜轟箣涓錛屼粠榪欎竴鐐瑰氨鍙浠ョ湅鍑哄畠鐨勮屼笟浣庝綅鍜屽叕鍙稿疄鍔涖備節銆佸崕澶忓熀閲戝叕鍙稿崕澶忓熀閲戝叕鍙哥殑璧勫巻闈炲父鑰侊紝灞炰簬涓氬唴緇煎悎瀹炲姏闈犲墠鐨勫熀閲戝叕鍙搞傝繖瀹跺叕鍙告渶钁楀悕鐨勫熀閲戞槸鍗庡忓ぇ鐩樼簿閫夛紝鍦2005騫村埌2012騫撮潬鐜嬩簹浼熷彇寰椾簡12鍊嶇殑鍩洪噾棰勬湡鏀剁泭錛屽壋閫犱簡鑲＄エ鍩洪噾鐨勬渶浣充笟緇╋紒鍗併佸槈瀹炲熀閲戝叕鍙稿槈瀹炲熀閲戝叕鍙鎬篃鏄鍚嶆皵姣旇緝楂樼殑鍩洪噾鍏鍙鎬箣涓錛屽畠涔熸槸2000騫翠箣鍓嶆垚絝嬬殑鑰佺墝鍩洪噾鍏鍙革紝緇煎悎瀹炲姏杈冨己銆傜洰鍓嶅槈瀹炲熀閲戝湪璐у竵鍩洪噾榪欎竴鍧楀仛鐨勬瘮杈冨ソ錛屾湁涓浜涗笉閿欑殑璐у竵鍩洪噾錛屾瘮濡傚槈瀹炴椿閽卞疂絳夌瓑銆備互涓婂氨鏄鍥藉唴鍗佸ぇ鍩洪噾鍏鍙革紝鎺掑悕鏄鏍規嵁鍩洪噾鎬昏勬ā鎺掔殑銆傜患鍚堝疄鍔涗笂錛屾槗鏂硅揪銆佸崡鏂廣佸崥鏃躲佸伐閾剁憺淇°佸崕澶忋佸槈瀹炵浉瀵圭獊鍑轟竴浜涖
2022騫村熀閲戝叕鍙告帓琛屾滃墠鍗佸悕
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